Which zone of the adrenal cortex is responsible for producing mineralocorticoids?

The zona glomerulosa is the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex and is specifically responsible for the production of mineralocorticoids, with aldosterone being the primary hormone produced in this zone. Mineralocorticoids play a crucial role in regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys. This function is vital for maintaining overall fluid balance in the body.

In contrast, the zona fasciculata, located beneath the zona glomerulosa, primarily produces glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, which are involved in metabolism and the stress response. The zona reticularis, which is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex, is responsible for synthesizing androgens, such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Lastly, the adrenal medulla, which is not part of the cortex but rather the central part of the adrenal gland, produces catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine, which have different functions related to the body's fight-or-flight response.