Which zone of the adrenal cortex is responsible for producing glucocorticoids?

The zona fasciculata is the region of the adrenal cortex dedicated to the production of glucocorticoids, which are steroid hormones that play a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress responses. These glucocorticoids include cortisol and corticosterone, which help control glucose levels in the blood and influence various physiological processes, including inflammation and the body's response to stress.

The structure of the zona fasciculata is characterized by long columns of cells that are rich in lipid droplets, allowing for the synthesis and storage of steroid hormones. This zone is situated centrally within the adrenal cortex, making it distinct from other zones, such as the zona glomerulosa, which primarily produces mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, and the zona reticularis, where androgens are produced. The adrenal medulla, on the other hand, is responsible for the production of catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are involved in the body's "fight or flight" response.

Understanding the distinct functions of these different areas of the adrenal cortex and medulla is crucial for comprehending how hormonal regulation affects various bodily functions and responses.