Which condition is characterized by an enlarged tender neck alongside fever?

The condition characterized by an enlarged tender neck alongside fever is thyroiditis. This inflammation of the thyroid gland can result from various factors, including autoimmune responses, infections, or other inflammatory processes. The tenderness in the neck is associated with swelling and inflammation of the thyroid tissue itself, which can be quite painful.

Fever is often a key symptom found in cases of thyroiditis, particularly when the condition is caused by an infectious agent. When the thyroid becomes inflamed, it can lead to systemic symptoms such as fever, indicating that the body is responding to an infection or inflammatory process.

In contrast, other options represent different thyroid conditions that do not typically present with both tenderness and fever. Graves' disease is an autoimmune condition that often leads to hyperthyroidism but does not usually cause acute tenderness or fever. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis can involve inflammation, but it is typically more associated with chronic symptoms and not acute fever or tenderness. A goiter refers to an enlarged thyroid gland, which can occur without tenderness or fever.

Therefore, thyroiditis clearly matches the symptom profile of an enlarged tender neck and fever, making it the correct answer in this scenario.