What is the primary effect of Conn's syndrome?

Conn's syndrome, also known as primary hyperaldosteronism, is characterized primarily by excess production of aldosterone from the adrenal glands. Aldosterone plays a critical role in regulating sodium and potassium levels in the body, as well as maintaining blood pressure. In Conn's syndrome, the overproduction of aldosterone leads to increased sodium retention, which can result in hypertension due to fluid retention and increased blood volume.

Patients with Conn's syndrome may exhibit symptoms related to high blood pressure, such as headaches or vision changes, and may also develop hypokalemia (low potassium levels) due to enhanced renal excretion of potassium. This condition is often diagnosed through serum electrolyte levels and confirmatory tests that demonstrate elevated aldosterone levels relative to plasma renin activity.

The other hormonal options listed, such as cortisol or sex hormones, are not primarily involved in Conn's syndrome. The focus of this condition specifically highlights aldosterone production, making the understanding of its effects critical for proper diagnosis and treatment.