What is the main role of the adrenal medulla?

The primary function of the adrenal medulla is to produce catecholamines, which include epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). These hormones play a crucial role in the body's response to stress, particularly through the "fight-or-flight" mechanism. When the body perceives a stressful situation, the adrenal medulla releases catecholamines into the bloodstream, leading to various physiological responses such as increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and heightened energy availability. This rapid release of hormones prepares the body to respond effectively to perceived threats.

The adrenal medulla differs from other components of the adrenal gland, like the cortex, which is responsible for producing corticosteroids and sex hormones. While these hormones are essential for different bodily functions such as metabolism and sexual development, they do not fall under the primary role of the adrenal medulla. Hence, the specific production of catecholamines is fundamental to the adrenal medulla's function and highlights its vital role in the body’s acute stress response.