What enzymatic function is primarily associated with amylase?

Amylase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the digestive process, specifically related to carbohydrates. Its primary function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of starches, converting them into simpler sugars like maltose and glucose. This process begins in the mouth with salivary amylase and continues in the small intestine with pancreatic amylase. The ability of amylase to break down complex carbohydrates into simpler forms is essential for efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients, making the conversion of starches to sugars its defining enzymatic function.

In contrast, the other options focus on different types of macromolecules. The breakdown of fats is primarily performed by lipases, while proteases are responsible for breaking down proteins. The digestion of nucleic acids involves nucleases. Each of these enzymes targets distinct substrates, underscoring the specificity of enzymatic action in the body.