What element often reaches toxic levels in the blood due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage?

Ammonia can reach toxic levels in the blood as a consequence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to the breakdown of proteins and the subsequent release of ammonia as a byproduct. When there is significant gastrointestinal bleeding, the protein content from the digested blood can be converted into ammonia by intestinal bacteria. Additionally, if the liver is compromised, its ability to detoxify ammonia is reduced, which can lead to an accumulation of this substance in the bloodstream. Elevated ammonia levels are particularly concerning as they can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, a serious condition characterized by neurological disturbances.

In contrast, urea is a byproduct of protein metabolism and is typically used to assess kidney function rather than indicating acute toxic conditions. Glucose levels primarily relate to carbohydrate metabolism and are not directly affected by gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a way that would lead to toxicity. Bilirubin, while important in assessing liver function and hemolysis, is not typically linked to toxicity in the context of gastrointestinal bleeding; rather, elevated bilirubin levels often indicate other liver disorders or hemolytic conditions.