What describes inflammation and fibrosis of the bile duct associated with intrahepatic calculi?

The correct choice refers to sclerosing cholangitis, which is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts. This condition often shows a specific fibrosis that obstructs bile flow, leading to a progressive damage to the ducts. In the context of intrahepatic calculi, or stones formed within the bile ducts inside the liver, this condition can result in significant cholestasis, or bile build-up, contributing to liver damage.

Sclerosing cholangitis is commonly associated with autoimmune conditions and has a classic appearance on imaging studies, where irregularities in the bile duct structure can be seen. As the disease progresses, it can lead to complications such as cirrhosis and liver failure.

The other choices describe different bile duct or gallbladder conditions. Acute cholecystitis pertains to inflammation of the gallbladder, typically due to gallstones, without the specific fibrosis and duct involvement seen in sclerosing cholangitis. Mirizzi syndrome occurs when a stone impacts the cystic duct or the common bile duct, causing biliary obstruction, but this does not include the broader inflammation and fibrosis of bile ducts as seen in sclerosing cholangitis. Biliary atresia is a congenital condition whereby the bile ducts are