What condition results from long-standing cystic duct obstruction?

A hydropic gallbladder occurs as a result of long-standing cystic duct obstruction, leading to the accumulation of bile within the gallbladder. When the cystic duct is obstructed, bile cannot flow out of the gallbladder and into the small intestine, causing the gallbladder to distend with bile or, in some cases, bile that has been transformed into a mucous-like fluid due to stagnation. This condition can result in the gallbladder becoming enlarged and potentially symptomatic.

The hydropic gallbladder is often associated with conditions such as gallstones or infections that lead to this obstruction. Over time, the continued blockage can cause the gallbladder to become significantly distended, thus leading to further complications if not addressed. The other options do not accurately represent the effects of cystic duct blockage over a long period. For instance, a porcelain gallbladder is related to chronic inflammation and calcification, while septated gallbladder involves abnormal divisions within the organ itself, and gallbladder contraction refers to its normal muscular response to cholecystokinin stimulation.