What condition is characterized by the presence of multiple cysts in the kidneys?

Polycystic kidney disease is the condition characterized by the presence of multiple cysts in the kidneys. This genetic disorder leads to the formation of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the renal tissue, significantly enlarging the kidneys and impairing their function over time. The cysts can vary in size and can affect kidney function as they grow and increase in number.

Polycystic kidney disease can manifest as either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive forms, with the dominant form being particularly common and often discovered in adulthood. In some cases, individuals may not experience symptoms until later in life, but the impact on kidney function, hypertension, and potential complications such as renal failure can be significant.

Understanding this condition is crucial for recognizing related complications and managing patient care effectively. In contrast, conditions like glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis primarily involve inflammation of kidney structures rather than cyst formation, while nephroptosis refers to a condition where the kidney descends from its normal position, which does not involve cyst development. These distinctions clarify why polycystic kidney disease is specifically linked to the presence of multiple renal cysts.