What condition describes the hardening and loss of elasticity in vessel walls?

The condition characterized by the hardening and loss of elasticity in the vessel walls is arteriosclerosis. This process primarily affects the arteries and leads to reduced blood flow and increased blood pressure due to the stiffening of the vessel walls. As arteries lose their flexibility, they become less able to accommodate the pulsatile flow of blood, which can lead to various cardiovascular issues.

Arteriosclerosis is often a result of aging and can also be influenced by factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, which cause structural changes in the arterial walls. Over time, this condition can contribute to more severe cardiovascular diseases.

In contrast to arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis involves the accumulation of fatty deposits and plaque within the arterial walls, leading to blockages and further vascular complications. An aneurysm refers to a localized dilation of a vessel wall rather than general hardening, while thrombosis pertains to the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel. Each of these conditions has distinct characteristics and mechanisms, but for the question at hand, arteriosclerosis is the accurate identification of the hardening and loss of elasticity in vessel walls.