Parathyroid adenomas are most commonly associated with which condition?

Parathyroid adenomas are benign tumors of the parathyroid glands, and they are most commonly associated with hypercalcemia. This condition arises because parathyroid adenomas secrete excess parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases calcium levels in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, and promoting renal reabsorption of calcium. As a result, individuals with a parathyroid adenoma often present with symptoms and clinical findings associated with elevated calcium levels, such as kidney stones, bone pain, and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Hypercalcemia is a key indicator in diagnosing parathyroid disorders, and the elevated calcium level is what leads to further investigations of the parathyroid glands, including imaging studies and laboratory tests. In contrast, the other conditions listed—hypertension, bloating, and headaches—are not directly linked to parathyroid adenomas or hyperparathyroidism, making hypercalcemia the most relevant and characteristic association.