Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced by which part of the adrenal glands?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are hormones that play crucial roles in the body's response to stress, initiating what is often referred to as the "fight or flight" response. These hormones are produced specifically in the adrenal medulla, which is the inner part of the adrenal glands.

The adrenal medulla is composed of chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines — primarily epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). When the body is under stress, such as during exercise or emergency situations, these hormones are released into the bloodstream. They work to increase heart rate, enhance energy production, and mobilize resources in the body to meet the demands of the situation.

In contrast, the adrenal cortex, which is the outer layer of the adrenal glands, is responsible for producing different types of hormones, including corticosteroids and sex hormones, but not catecholamines. The zona fasciculata, found within the adrenal cortex, primarily produces cortisol, while the zona glomerulosa is responsible for the secretion of aldosterone.

Therefore, the precise role and location of epinephrine and norepinephrine production in the adrenal medulla distinguish it from the other parts of the adrenal glands.